Focuses on the values and importance of the study of the history of human civilization, especially in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Babylonia; Harappa civilization and the Gandhara civilization, ancient Chinese culture and civilization; ancient Greek civilization, Muslim civilization and their influence over European Renaissance, scientific innovations, cultural progress and religious reformation. The rise of powerful nation states in Europe and North America and the impact of scientific and technological supremacy of the west over the so-called ‘backward communities’ are also studied here.