Sensing and biosensing is a multidisciplinary research area focused on detecting and measuring physical, chemical, or biological signals with high sensitivity and specificity. It integrates fields like materials science, nanotechnology, biology, and electronics to develop advanced sensors for healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and wearable technologies. Biosensors typically combine a biorecognition element with a transducer to convert biological interactions into measurable signals. Recent advances include nanomaterial-enhanced sensors, CRISPR-based diagnostics, and AI-integrated smart sensing systems. This field is rapidly evolving toward real-time, low-cost, and point-of-care solutions for personalized and precision applications.